Details
Polonnaruwa, the ancient capital of Sri Lanka, stands as a mesmerizing historical and cultural treasure nestled in the heart of the island. As one of Sri Lanka’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Polonnaruwa offers a rich glimpse into the island’s medieval past, with its remarkable archaeological sites, ancient temples, and intricate stone carvings. Once the capital of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa from the 11th to the 13th century, the city today is an evocative reminder of the island’s glorious history and architectural brilliance.
The city's architectural splendor is highlighted by a stunning array of well-preserved ruins, including palaces, Buddhist monasteries, and intricate stone statues. Among the most iconic sites in Polonnaruwa are the ruins of the Royal Palace, the towering Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama), and the monumental Gal Vihara complex, where the statues of the Buddha carved directly into rock are awe-inspiring. The city’s well-maintained gardens, lakes, and ancient irrigation systems serve as a testament to the advanced engineering skills of its ancient rulers.
Polonnaruwa is also known for its stunning natural beauty, with the surrounding landscapes offering lush greenery, tranquil lakes, and an abundance of wildlife. The area is part of Sri Lanka’s Cultural Triangle, making it an essential stop for those looking to explore the country’s historical and natural offerings.
Highlights
➡️ Explore the Gal Vihara: Admire the iconic rock-cut Buddha statues at Gal Vihara, one of Sri Lanka’s most famous historical landmarks. The striking sculptures, including a seated, standing, and reclining Buddha, are carved into the granite rock and are exceptional examples of ancient Sri Lankan artistry.
➡️ Visit the Royal Palace and the Audience Hall: Discover the remains of the Royal Palace, once the home of the ancient kings, and the nearby Audience Hall, with its intricate carvings and well-preserved structure. The palace's foundations and the stone pillars of the Audience Hall are a window into the grandeur of Polonnaruwa’s royal past.
➡️ Tour the Parakrama Samudra: Explore the vast man-made reservoir known as the Sea of Parakrama, an impressive feat of ancient engineering built during King Parakramabahu I’s reign. The lake stretches over 12,000 acres and is surrounded by scenic beauty, making it a perfect spot for leisurely walks and photography.
➡️ Visit the Vatadage (Circular Relic House): This remarkable circular structure was once a place of worship and is famous for its beautifully preserved stone pillars, intricately carved stone steps, and its symbolic role in Sri Lanka's Buddhist heritage. It is an architectural marvel that reflects the level of craftsmanship during Polonnaruwa’s golden age.
➡️ Explore the Archaeological Museum: Learn more about Polonnaruwa's rich history by visiting the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum, which displays an extensive collection of artifacts, sculptures, and relics unearthed from the city’s ancient ruins. The museum offers an insightful glimpse into the cultural and historical significance of the city.
➡️ Discover the Shiva Devale Temples: Visit the ancient Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, which stand as a reminder of the multicultural influences that shaped Polonnaruwa. These temples, with their intricate carvings and design, offer a glimpse into the island's religious diversity during the medieval period.
➡️ Take a Boat Ride on Parakrama Samudra: Enjoy a peaceful boat ride across the serene waters of the Parakrama Samudra, surrounded by lush greenery and wildlife. The lake offers a tranquil experience, providing a contrast to the ancient ruins while offering visitors the chance to witness local birdlife and picturesque views.
➡️ Stroll Through the Sacred Quadrangle: The Sacred Quadrangle is a beautifully preserved collection of ancient religious monuments, including the Thuparama, a stupa housing sacred relics, and the Lankatilaka Temple. It offers an immersive experience into Sri Lanka’s Buddhist culture and architectural excellence.
➡️ Explore the Nissanka Latha Mandapaya: This unique structure, known for its ornate stone carvings and architectural elegance, was once used as a royal audience hall. Its stone pillars and intricate artwork provide a glimpse into the cultural and artistic achievements of the ancient Polonnaruwa period.
➡️ Wildlife Watching in the Surrounding Area: The area around Polonnaruwa is home to various national parks, such as the Minneriya and Kaudulla National Parks, where visitors can witness Sri Lanka’s diverse wildlife, including elephants, leopards, and various bird species. A safari in these parks is a must for nature and animal lovers.
